Different Styles of Leadership in different Situations

Different Styles of Leadership in different SituationsIn this rove we feel hold of selected a case of Pakistan International Airline and applied different styles of drawing cardship that could be implemented according to different situationsPIAC is a government presidency under the influence of bureaucratic protracting. they follow one representation communications. Decisions be always made by higher management and and so announced to the pull down cater to follow without considering their consent or agreement. This leads to an increase aim of dissatis featureion in work force followed by absenteeism and lack of vexation. there is severe lacking of home run oriented approach in the employees. Their level of productivity and quality services tends to reduce day by day which is persistently winning the disposal to long loss. As comp bed to the productivity level there is a significant number of overstaffed workforces which ar not even providing low services exclusi vely in any(prenominal) case necessitate for high salaries. If we talk about customer services or flight operations we collide with a huge gap between the mission line of reasoning and the actual practiceWe redeem recommended different lead styles to take the company out of that chaos like retrenchment, downsizing. Hire more qualified and efficient staff, dominance of fill inordinates, decentralization of finality qualification bear upon, two way communication between upper and lower management, motivating the employees. Building self confidence, reducing their dis bliss, giving them on the wholeowance to strain the objectives their own way, assign a super acid objective in their favor and for the company as intumesce. After taking all these necessary measures pia current situation will definitely be improved and it would be able to attain the scoop position as I was supposed to be. soon they atomic number 18 enjoying the benefit of monopoly in air traffic indust ry in Pakistan but later on when grocery stupefys saturated with new private companies in future it might get impossible to with stand the competition with current practicesIntorductionThis Report is to discuss Leadership style and recommend Pakistan International Airline best style in situations.The CompanyEstablished in 1955, Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) is a national airline with a vast experience in the industry and runs a fleet of forty aircrafts. It operates passenger and cargo services covering eighty-two domestic and foreign destinations.. PIA is a huge corporation with more than 17,000 employees. This makeup is divided into following incisions Human Resource and Administration, selling, Corporate Planning, selective information goods, Finance, Flight Services, Flight Operation, Engineering, Procurement and Logistics, Customer Services, Training and Development, Quality Assurance. The organogram of the organization follows, with the Chairman at the top and di rectors of sections reporting to him. The structure is centralized with the top-level management making the finalitys.VisionTo be a world class airline exceeding customer expectations through and through dedicated employees committed to excellence.MissionAs a Symbol of National Pride, We aspire to be a Choice Airline, Operating Profitable on current Commercial concepts and Capable of Competing With the Best in the International as well as Domestic marketsValuesCustomer Expectations Convenience, Care and Competitive TariffService Personalized and CourteousInnovation Cherishing new ideas, Translating into actionsReliability Loyalty and ConsistencySafety Passengers, Employees, Environment and HealthCohesiveness Respect of individuals, Teamwork and hard-hitting communication single Business ethics, Accountability and Transparency.CultureThe vision and values of PIA communicates the distinct culture to the organizational members and the customers as well. Despite of being beurucratic organization, bearing cultural similarities with some otherwise government organization, PIA is improving its practices, to live up to its objectives.Organizational AttributesOrganizational AttiributesPIA focuses on goals preferably than focusing on the ways to action it. The behavior of its employees and the general business generation is a rational outcome of the oganization attributes and characteristics. PIA needs radical pitchs in the way it focuses their objective. It needs to intensify the focus on room of achieving it.The Companys LeadershipThe Companys Leadership is structured through the hierarchy, which is governed by the Board of Director and Chairman, going through the director down to the Middle Management. We can say it is practically more Centralized.Situation AnalysisPIAC is a Public sector organization, which has a decision making process down the hierarchy. The company is oversizedn upto 17,000 eployees.Employee AttitudesAt PIAC, e actually employee is e xpect to behave responsibily and prevent direct clash with the organizations interest. In case of abnormal behaviour, administrative actions are taken by the standing rules of PIAC against the employee.All HR chores are resolved according to the POLICIES AND PROCEDURES, which cover a complet scope of employee behavior, however being a part of Public Sector, the policies leaverage the employee more than necessary.Employee DissatisfactionPIAC believes that employees dissatisfaction affects the productivity level of employees and the root causes of much(prenominal) instruments are identified. On the emergence of genuine reasons, the employees are alleviateed in rectifying factors. If they are unable to do so, then the employee might get a letter of warning.Employees at PIAC expresses their dissatisfaction through the Suggestion Boxes, which are placed at various location. Whereas, employee co-ordination meetings (ECM) are organized, to allow all employees to share their views with their bosses as well as their subordinates.Recruitment and HiringIn HR Adminstration Department, there is a Recruitment and recognizeion. Regarding the attribute rewuired for a position, decisions are taken by the top management at PIAC. Recruitment and hiring process is similarly influenced by the political situation of the country.Employee PromotionPIAC believes that undergo employees have the knowledge and expertise, gained over years, to handle diverse employees and unprecedented situations.Sharing informationRelevant Information Sharing systems has been improvised and rebuilt with a more candid approach. However, information through grapevine still exists.Influence of classifys in decision makingPIAC has various noble and informal group due to its sheer size. There is an influence of the informal groups on the decision making process to some extent due to the genius of the workplace. These informal groups are formed because of legion(predicate) reason, one of which is t hat many employees sharing common interests, are in the organization for several.SWOTWhat is LeadershipLeadership derived from the article LEAD, a person who affects the people and show out the path to a group of people towards the accomplishment of their common goals is called a leader. And a process by which leader moves a group of people to their organizational objectives is said to be the leading.Leader vs. ManagerMany of the organization workers didnt understand the difference between spark advance and managing, there fore they were in a state of misconceptions which will not compel them to perform their jobs in proper directions.The simple differences between these two are manager is a bearinger and leadership is calling. For leadership you dont need to be good looking, rattling well dressed, very well spoken and you dont have to have a very special something is inside you. But for leadership you have to have well defined convictions and most importantly you have courage in your visions to manifest them into reality.Managing is much broader in sense then leading which focuses on narrowing issues. Like mangers are looking for the issues related to the non behavioral as well as behavioral characteristics while if we talk about leader then it emphasize plainly on behavioral issues. Make it clear that not all mangers are leaders but most effective mangers over a long period of experiences will become leader.Situational ApproachSituational approach is also cognize as contingency possibleness it was surpassn by Herbert Spencer in (1884). He said in his theory that the time and the situation makes the person a leader and not the other way around. This theory suggests that different situations calls different style of characteristics of leader. According to the Herbert spencer, in this theory of groups none of the single psychographic profile of the leader exist.The theory defines the two types of the leader one is Relationship oriented and other one i s Task oriented. In relationship orientated the leader must achieve their line and objectives by holding good relationship with the group, while on the other hand in task oriented the leader have its prime business sector to carry out the task himself. According to the theory there is no ideal leader, in both the situation the leader can be effective if and only he fits in the situation.Situations and DecisionsAs it is obvious that one of the most important part of the leadership is to make smart decisions. So The Tannenbaum and Schmidt Continuum wrote an article in 1995 which deal with the study of leaders trance decisions along with the behavioral characteristics of leader. That model defines the whole range of manager decisions and the situations where they use and got the best result out.The following are the decisions situational behavior of the leaderThe manger make the decision and announces it In that situation the leader will follow these stepsIdentify the problem.Analy ze the different alternatives.Select the best alternative.Require the workers to implement the decision on the chosen one.The Manager sells the decision As it was mention above that the leader will identify the problem and find out the subordinator to implement the decision, but some time leader expect to persuade the subordinate to accept the decision.The manager presents the ideas and invites questions- This situation of the decision allows the sub ordinate to raise the question on the decision that manger took himself in order to implement the solution of the problem.The manager presents a tentative decision that is subjected to change- hither in this situation the manager is subjected to change the decision accordingly, in that process the decision will not be the one side the subordinators are also the part of it. But the final decision will be taken by manager.The manager presents the problem, gets suggestions, and then makes the decisions- The manger will allow his co-worker to plume on the problem and make the decision based on the suggestion given by the subordinators. It is the better solution of taking decisions.The manger defines the limit and asks the group to take the decisions In that situation the subordinators are subjected to take the decision with keeping in mind the problem, but the limits are also defined already so that no one can cross it. In that way a democratic decision came into being and it is very effective and efficient way of taking decisions.Forces influencing Managers Decision MakingThere are many factors that influencing in manger decision making some are briefed belowIndividual forcesOrganizational forces environsal forcesCross interactions forces.The above mentioned forces are few that influenced in a decision making process. Firstly the individual forces, as it was observed that there is a variegation factor in every organization. That diversification influences the impact on decision that is taken by the managerial staff because every one believes to have the decision in their benefits. The second factors is organizational forces, In that force the factors that effect are individual attitudes towards change, organization culture, expectations of the embodies that are responsible for openness, changes and risk taking. The last forces are off-key to be relevant because innovation adoption is likely to vary depending on the type of business and the nature of the competitors landscape.Fources influenceing Managers Decision MakingForces in ManagerThere are four factors that manager should feel inside them, without them the manager is not emphasize on a proper direction by which he has a chance to solve the problems efficiently.The first factor is managers values, as the manager in any department is the most responsible person who is able to take decision accordingly and who is responsible for the growth of efficiency, growth of subordinate, and company profit. Therefore it is very important to find out your position in an organization.The second factor is the level of confidence on your subordinates. It is obvious if you trust more in your subordinators the decision style will be more relevant to the democratic style, and if your lesser believers in your co-workers then the decision will be one sided which is not good.The third factor is personal leadership strength. Manager should find out the strength in them and ability to work in a worst situation very effectively. If manager is not clear with his piece of mind then he or she would not be able to direct their subordinate in a correct way.The quartern factor in the manager is tolerance for ambiguity. Being a manager it is his righteousness to take decision later listening to their subordinates but if the situation is exactly opposite to it then the style will be born-again from boss centered to subordinate centered style. A manger who is disturbed by this loss of certainty will find him self in a complete ambiguity situation and will not be successful as a subordinate centered leader.Forces in SituationsThere are many situational factors which force the manager to take decision. In an organization to work in group are beneficiary factors to all. In order to achieve the organizational common goals it is to be required to work as one police squad.The second factor that influences in a situation is effectiveness of a group. As manager want to take a decision then first manager should analyze the performance of their subordinate either they are effective to achieve that goal or not.The third force of situation is the problem to be solved. It is required in an organization to be co-ordinate the groups with each other in order to get the best result com up with. And if the question is to solve the problem then it is to be sure that every one pays deep attention to solve it.The fourth situational force is the time available to make decision. It is obvious that group can took a long time to accomplish a task rather then individual can do it before. So before taking decision there has to be time defined.Empowerment DistributionWhat does empower meanto give spottaking or seizing powerProcess of gaining profit by giving strength.Empowerment is a Process by which individuals and groups gain power, entrance to resources and control over their own lives. After doing so the workers will attain the power and strength to attain their highest personal and objectives goal of an organization.Empowerment can be distributing the following factorsResource Consultant aimSensitizer roleCooperator roleFirstly we discuss resource consultant roleLinking subordinators to resources so that they enkindle their self-esteem and problem solving skills.Linking co-workers to resources so they can also work towards achieving their own independence and own control over their lives.Secondly sensitizer roleHelping the subordinates to gain the knowledge which is necessary to take control of their own lives.Empowere d person and reliable workers recognizes and identifies their own strengths and the strengths of others.Finally Corporate roleSubordinators are the one who is self-determining in achieving self-efficacy and authorization.Connecting empowered person to others who share common histories, issues, and barriers.Limits of AuthorityAs it was discussed above that there is the manager who defines the limits of authority to every subordinator. If the limits are not defined then every one will be the manager of the company or meeted department. So there must be applying of limits in each and every post of the organization.Types of LeadershipAutocratic LeadershipThis kind of leader ship involves absolute power over team members. even if the concern and involvement of team member is important but it is not considered all the decisions are made solely by leader. It is normally applicable to control the uninformed work force and to take instant control over chaos in the organizationCharacterist icsThese leaders have following characteristicsthey take the whole responsibility on themselves and make the team members to accomplish the task appropriatelythey feel that the close monitoring and supervision of team is requiredthey normally take the team members inexperienced and unable to fulfill the task independentlythey only make the decision and announce it in teamthey only bank on themselves to meet the objectives of organizationSituationsIn PIAC current situation the level of task orientation is low where as aggressiveness of work force is also lacking .here is a gap between the level of productivity and skills of the employees. It seriously needs an autocratic leader who would lead the organization by his own decision and take expert responsibility over himself in order to achieve the organizational objectives. At the same time he would monitor the whole working structure most and with complete vigilance. As the staff currently working is not capable to take the organiz ation out of such chaos.Beurucratic/Transactional LeadershipIt is quiet a robotic sort of leadership as it involves only the be aftered rules and policies made by the organization that has to be followed at any cost by chase. Regardless of the fact that they accept it or make them feel comfortable or not. much(prenominal) kind of leadership is applicable for those leaders who are leading factory workers involving mechanism handling and jobs involving precautionary measuresCharacteristicsthey show the supremacy of their powers on their pursual and they have to obeythey try to maintain strict and systematic discipline in the followersthey promote the followers who are able to conform to the rulesthey need their followers to accomplish the task just according to specified rulesSituationsCurrently bureaucratic leadership is being practiced in the whole organization it should be confined to only engineering department as p.i.a deals with air traveling and may reckon technical issu es in the aircrafts mostly due to malfunctioning of machinery in planes. there are many planes in p.i.a that are still not operational. if they assign any bureaucratic leader to achieve the task of fixing up the impaired machinery by the mechanical staff and engineers he can definitely make them accomplish the task efficiently and within the defined period of time. he would make them follow the safety rules and policies of the company with full acceptance. it would be helpful in increase the fleet of p.i.a and hence increasing the number of flights and therefrom productivity levels and profits are also increasedDemocratic/Pedagogical LeadershipThis kind of leadership attains the maximum level of satistfaction and motivation from the followers as it involves the decision making process to be done not only by leaders but also the followers participate in it.team members feel equal importance and take the ownership of the task to be accomplished.it emphasizes on team workCharacteristi csthey help the team members to express their skills by open invitation to take part in decision making processthey improve the productivity by emphasizing on team workthey focus on the quality of end result to be achieved regardless of timethey believe that financial rewards are not the only source of motivation but making them feel self governing is a major sourceConsultivePersuasiveSituationsIn PIAC the employees face situations in which teamwork is mainly required for instance Human resource department plans a meeting to revise the hiring policy. Finance department decides to amend the obsolete salary structure. Marketing department plans to launch a new promotion to attract the customers. All these activities require team work effort rather than centralized decisions.If the whole department officials give their in tramp in the decision making process it would definitely give a better picture of final objective The level of concern of team members will also be increased that enh ance the overall performance of organizationLaissez-FaireIt is derived from French phrase leave it be.it involves the full empowerment of team members to achieve the task on their own.it is normally practiced to those teams in which every team member is a self starter and experienced indivisualCharacteristicsthey rely mainly on their team member and normally dont take the whole responsibility of task accomplishment on their ownthey only communicate the indispensability and then leave the members to perform the task their own waythey may loose the control over the team by giving them complete authoritythey sometimes take the feedback of what is being achieved or to which extentSituationsIn PIAC this kind of leadership only applies in a situation where we hire highly experienced and qualified group of employee that doesnt need any kind of strict supervision and include mainly self starters and motivated individuals. it seems quite an ideal situation in p.i.a as its employees are diss atisfied with the current salary structure so competitive salary packages should be assigned for them so work with complete satisfaction and ownershipCorrective LeadershipIt involves the empowerment of group members in order to facilitate the collaborative and synergized environment. it results in equal participation of leader with employees in the process of task accomplishmentCharacteristicsThey treat the team members equally and fairlyThey work with them as a team member to increase their motivation levelThey secondary the group members at every step to show his concern as a teamSituationsIn PIAC there is a total one way communication from upper management to lower staff. there is a serious need of manager who better take themselves as team player rather a dictator as the decision making process is centralized here so rather than imposing the goals on subordinates and just over see what is being done they better work along with them in order to motivate and get better results fr om them. Suppose if you are manager finance in p.i.a so you should not only make decisions to design the budget, cost cutting etc. but also participate with team to implement that in an appropriate mannerCreative LeadershipIt involves facing new challenges, and recognizes and track new opportunities through bold innovations. Experimentation with changing the current practice involves a factor of uncertainty in the success of outcomes. Risk taking attitude is important in creative leadershipCharacteristicsThey are good at generating new ideas to change commonplace thingThey try to experiment with those ideas which seems to be affective by their judgmentThey are quiet independent and require less approval from subordinatesThey have ability to manage the consequences of those experimentsThey often change the working pattern of group by introducing new ideasThey have strong imagination to foresee how things would be after innovationSituationsIn PIAC if there is a situation that market g ets saturated with competitors so marketing department requires a creative leader who can design an innovative plane to capture new customers and retain the old customer by taking many creative steps and experimenting new promotions and offers to capture the market share ,enhancing the quality of services and products etcBridging/Synergical LeadershipIt involves the bridging of leader and follower relationship with confidence, trust and empathy by effective communication of leader with follower. It results in boosting the confidence level of group members thus motivating them to face the difficulty or challengeCharacteristicsThey try to create a friendly relationship with employees by identifying their social needThey counsel the team members to help them get rid of any personal issueThey appreciate their achievements hence enhancing their confidence levelThey try to create an environment of trust and coordination within the whole groupSituationsIn PIAC if there is a huge gap betwee n managers and subordinates thats needs to be filled. They seriously need a bridging leadership style to gain the trust of employees and reduce their turnover. Issue like absenteeism which is due to lack of satisfaction of employees can be resolved by their focussing and seriously try to understand and resolve their internal issues. it would definitely help to improve the organizational environment and the overall impact would be positive in terms of employee performance and loyaltyChange LeadershipThis style of leader ship involves supporting the alteration in current rules and policies. This results in thinking beyond resolving a single issue or individual concern and hence improving the whole system or whole organizationCharateristicsSuch leaders focus on improving the current environment of organizationThey dont focus only on minor issues with in a specific departmentThey tend to change the rules and policies of organization in its benefitThey make decisions that affect the who le organizationSituationsIf PIAC face severe deficit and over sizing of staff so it seriously needs a change leader that leads to change the policies of organization that emphasize on improving the current situation by making alteration in obsolete rules and restructure almost every department of company. Retrenchment and downsizing to recover the organization from further deficit might be one of the altering measures. there are some other modifications needed to improve the current condition of PIACLeadership StylesTransformational LeadershipIn this type of leadership organizations success is achieved by profoundly affecting followers beliefs and values such as justice and integrity. Through this style of leadership a sense of business is created, it promotes learning for organization and new ways of handling problems are encouraged. Working as a Transformational Leader is a wonderful and uplifting experience. You have to put passion and energy to achieve success.CharactersiticsTa sk of Transformational LeadersFirst the leaders creates the awareness about organizations issues among followers by inspiring them to follow you and the way to get things done is by injecting enthusiasm and energy among the followers.Than they create a vision of the future that will excite and convert potential followers. The Transformational Leader should be very careful in developing the trust for him among followers, and their personal integrity is a very important and critical part of the package that they are selling.Their role is to be at front and central during the action. They are always visible and will stand up to be counted among others. Their attitudes and actions clearly reflects how everyone else should behave. Transformational Leaders make consistent efforts to motivate and rally their followers.SituationsPIA needs transformation from the image of a white elephant, just making heavy losses to a profitable public organization as it had been in the past.Employees shoul d be made aware of this need and he should always keep in mind what are the main goals of his organization. But employees needs, aspirations and interests should be fulfilled first only than he will be motivated to focus on achieving organizations goals.Coaching LeadershipIts a style of leadership in which followers are instructed to how to meet the special organizational objectives. Coaching is a one to one relationship where coach instructs the followers to focus on and achieve what is important.CharactersiticsCoaching is defined at four levelsFirst its a belief system, coaches starts from making their followers to believe that their issues will be addressed and they will be solved .Coaching in a well defined Leadership style, where leaders seeks to keep the ownership of issues and problems faced by their followers.Third, coaching is defined by a set of tools and models like the GROW problem solving model so that they understand it better.Finally, there is a coaching skill-set whi ch is deployed at followers very skillfully coaching them their tasksSituationsIn engineering, cabin crew and customer service department heads should instruct their followers to meet PIACs goal of better customer care and service. As a leader he should have good listening skills, insight, concern of welfare and patience towards followers to be able to lead them. just by having good communication skills and attitude towards his employees he would be able to effectively instruct themSuperleadershipIn this style the leader, leads his followers by showing them how to lead themselves. If he succeeds he develop followers who are very productive and needs minimum assistance from their leader in future.CharactersiticsHere the leader teaches his followers how to think in different situations on their own and act constructively and independently. An organization cant succeed unless its members become proficient in leading themselves and thus today it is one of the very basic requirements of any organization. It is the job of the super leader to develop such followers who have these qualities in them.SituationsSenior directors and other senior managers at PIAC could be best to act as a super leader as they have vast experience and they have performed in several critical situations they can make decision on their o