The US foreign policy from 1945-1991 Case Study

The US international strategy from 1945-1991 - Case Study Example This exploration will start with the explanation that the term Cold War was authored by Pulitzer prize-winning marketing specialist Herbert Bayard Swope and alludes to the exceptional sentiments of threatening vibe and the significant global strain and battle for power between the USA and afterward the USSR, the two of which headed imposing unions for example Partners and Russian satellites, respectively.â It began in 1945 and finished in 1989.â It was ‘cold’ in light of the fact that the relations between the two superpowers were cold yet never went to a flashpoint skirting on a shooting war.â The contention included political competition and bit of leeway just as a high ground in a critical position of intensity. The contention was loaded with conflicts of contending philosophies for example between the popularity based industrialist arrangement of America and its partners and the communist/socialist arrangement of the USSR and the satellite countries containing the countries of the Warsaw Pact. The competition comprised of purposeful publicity, military unions, nuclear arms advancement, recreation programs and the contention to win the hearts and brains of the unbiased nations, most particularly the underdeveloped nations which may give army installations, characteristic assets, and markets. As ahead of schedule as 1929, the USA and the USSR had kept each other under control and at a manageable distance's regardless of contrasts in political belief systems. This alienation was strengthened by the USA's arrangement of noninterference in the 1930's which quieted whatever sentiments of question they had for one another. In any case, relations were improved when the USA and the Soviet Union out of the blue ended up battling one next to the other against fundamentalist Germany in World War II. The warm relations, in any case, quickly broke down when halfway through the war, the USA understood that the USSR was resolved to recover all the domain s in Eastern Europe that it lost preceding World War I and these are eastern Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia and parts of Romania and Finland. It turned out to be obvious to USA that Stalin in his suspicious dread of Germany and its military may need all of Eastern Europe to fill in as its support states and shields from German hostility. President Roosevelt focused on that USA as disciple of the standard of self-assurance needed these states to decide for themselves the sort of government they need. The other western partners took a gander at Poland as deliberately the rampart of Europe which while falling under the control of the Soviets would open the conduits of Russians attacking Western Europe. The US fears were vindicated during the 1943 Teheran Conference when Stalin at long last exposes the whole truth: that he anticipated regional concessions as the conditions of Eastern Europe. Equity, to Stalin requested that Russia be rewarded from the passings of 16 million Russians and the huge demolition and harm to Soviet properties and apparatus during the initial three years of war. It unfolded on President Roosevelt that reality, custom and history directed that self-assurance among the eastern European states would be utter horror to Russia as any openly chosen government in Eastern Europe would be unfriendly to Soviet philosophy. Both the Yalta Conference and the Potsdam Conference in 1945 further stressed the relations nearly to the limit as Russia misleadingly set up a socialist government in Lublin, Poland followed by its subverting of chose non-socialist governments in Czechoslovakia and Hungary. It was inescapable that the Cold War resulted in mid 1946 after Berlin and Germany were partitioned into 4 groups for example Russian, American, British and French.

Language Loss Free Essays

string(73) an action word that must be given something to do so as to characterize it (Blomley: 566). As we progressively understand that our own implosion is unavoidable in the obliteration of the planet, the isolated idea of Western advancement as the stature of human advancement is at long last being addressed. Notwithstanding, the resultant mystery is that in spite of the fact that we understand the resultant imperfections of relying upon one type of progress, the main options that we could go to are ceasing to exist of the essence of the earth. Along these lines the worldwide pattern of language misfortune is an issue staggeringly deserving of long past due consideration; it might in certainty be our last significant choice to protect the situation of humanity’s endurance. We will compose a custom exposition test on Language Loss or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now As an archive of information, a statement of culture, and an emblematic exemplification of a lifestyle, the departure of a language justifies itself with real evidence. Albeit some Aboriginal dialects are near the precarious edge of elimination in Canada, lamentably, very few individuals are tuning in to the last cries of the voices that are rapidly disappearing. I will investigate the reasons why this is the situation. Right off the bat I will dig into the underlying foundations of language, as a vehicle by which the quintessence of every specific culture comes into intelligibility in the material world and how its culture’s level of pride that continues its insularity. The historical backdrop of Western culture, as a result of European imperialism and mechanical private enterprise, unmistakably represents that its embodiment and all the more critically its egotism, is on a very basic level at chances with an agreeable relationship with the characteristic world, at present prompting its own weakness. In light of this pilgrim mindset, a second viewpoint I will investigate is the obvious option in contrast to this single direction of reasoning that is exemplified the in the way of life of the Squamish individuals of Vancouver. In this way thirdly, the settlement, industrialization, and current urbanization changing Vancouver, is ostensibly expanding the separation between the two different ways of being, sustaining the implosion surprisingly who are helpless before the prevailing culture’s arrogance. Accordingly I will contend that rather than Vancouver’s Aboriginal people’s lifestyle, the present degree of self-importance supporting the reliance on Western innovation will eventually, definitely be the destruction of humankind. It is obvious that language, similar to everything that humankind has made, is at last a development of characteristic world. As a watershed of creative mind, language attempts to comprehend the world and might be comprehended as the symbolization of the human idea in attempting to ponder the idea of presence. In spite of the fact that these images were made so as to intercede and understand humanity’s place known to mankind, since their creation they have changed and swarmed human insight to such an outrageous degree as to really supplant odd nature of presence with a misguided feeling of ‘rational’ reality. Images, presently meaning discourse, are a social marvel crucial to incorporating what characterize development (Zerzan Language: 237). As much as images in any culture attempt to ponder their existence in a complex logical, or judicious sense, because of their inborn separation from the regular world and inherent reductionist nature, all endeavors to discover the appropriate responses of the universe, to fit agreeably with mother earth will eventually be at chances with what is truth be told, limitless. The apparently sound is eventually unreasonable. The layers of intricacy currently continuing the procedure of symbolization represent a continuous need to name and along these lines control what eventually would never be thoroughly characterized. SOURCE). A significant component in this procedure of symbolization is the man-made origination of time. Time is one the soonest layers of symbolization’s multifaceted nature that upgraded a developed nature of the real world. John Zerzan noticed that time’s fulfillment represents the need to characterize a feeling of ‘progress’ that would rule ma n’s feeling of history, further distancing him away from the normal world. In their very own pattern creation and propagation, the motivation behind human progress has consequently, just been to strengthen itself. The never-ending development of this idea of progress has at last prompted oneself instigated training of the psyche, upgrading man’s antagonism from the regular (Zerzan Book: 25). Rather than giving up to man’s amicable association with the peculiar universe and along these lines tolerating his own instinctive nature, this bogus thought of progress has been seen as an inescapable piece of human turn of events. Progress is currently out of human control and therefore elective methods of presence are viewed as in reverse and counter-intuitive. Future Primitive: PAGE). The apex of this feeling of progress, is incorporated in the present thought of advancement as it is both the stature of this development but then the most noticeably terrible reality that the characteristic world still can't seem to persevere. The feeling of progress has consistently been exposed to the authoritarian job of presumption and financial matters, what Williams calls the â€Å"inherent dominati ve method of thinking†(SOURCE). Financial aspects describes man’s origination of property in a catalytic blend of human work on the earth’s soil in the quest for material riches. Over the top material riches hastily supports the feeling of privildege, developing to be better comprehended as their hubris. The Western social ancestry that has pushed mankind ‘forward’ depends severe on this mindset, and now there exists a typical conviction that as Westerners works tenaciously towards the stature of advancement, some way or another different societies on the planet have gotten mentally inert (Davis 2009: 166). Progress is to a great extent apparent as a surging current of irrepressible energy, with a relentless force conveying we all afterward. Upon appearance in North America, with predominance pervaded in their mindset, European colonialists carried a feeling of progress to the New World. As both a result of their amalgamated provincial creative mind and their similarly capricious logical personalities, Canada turned into a research facility to be jabbed, estimated, characterized and arranged for extraction back to proceed with the intense industrialization of Europe (Rigney 1999: 109). The pioneer attitude is featured in their feeling of property. Colonialists accepted that property must be authorized; it is as much a physical reality as it is consistent desire to control. In their brains, property is an action word that must be given something to do so as to characterize it (Blomley: 566). You read Language Loss in classification Paper models This is in understanding of the persuasive point of view of John Locke, who assisted with imbuing the conviction that if the land was not being utilized, it is being squandered. In this manner the awesome lodge was rendered private property, â€Å"Eden sank to grief† and our common world was helpless before man’s unending endeavor to control and gather all that they could from their environmental factors (Blomey: 561). Similarly as Language is a production of the normal world, it is the engineer of supporting significance for a culture. In this way in its utilization, language is additionally an arrangement of intensity that permits the implications bestowed by social authority to suffer and suffer themselves (Focault: 22). In spite of the fact that this social ancestry currently rules the world’s feeling of progress, not all individuals have faith in this once feeling of the real world. On the edges of innovation, some people’s flexible presence remains as declaration that this one separate method of reasoning isn't be the main method of being, nor is it the most ideal route for mankind to endure (Davis: PAGE). Such individuals don't want to enslave and attempt to weakly control the miracles of the normal world, but instead their reality is at the desire of what they understand they can't control. Rather than weakly attempting to control their general surroundings, they would prefer to be profoundly lowered in nature’s widely inclusive, baffling force (Davis: Page). The Coast Salish indigenous individuals that have truly abided in what is presently characterized as the city-furthest reaches of Vancouver are only one case of such a people who’s fundamental reason in life is apparently not at chances with the regular request of the universe. Coast Salish is there basic name, anyway inside this mark are various diverse social legacies that are extraordinarily characterized by both their geographic area and correspondingly, their language. In Vancouver’s significant reservations today, such ways of life as the Musqueam, Squamish and the Tsleil-Waututh people groups despite everything abide in a miniscule fenced in area of their old countries. In spite of the fact that their territories are being infringed on from all sides, they attempt to maintain the methods of their predecessors as a progressively instinctive reality, that was once so agreeably in offset with British Columbia’s biological system (Baloy: 520). In light of their antiquated history of being so personally tied with their encompassing territory, these people groups particular societies, epitomized in their in their oral conventions and articulations of workmanship, typify their faith in humanity’s divine association with the land. Living adjoining the Pacific, what is referenced in more than one of these peoples’ creation stories is the conviction that the land around them sprung from the rich breadth of water on which they vigorously depend (Blomey:). As a conspicuous difference to the European’s pilgrim origination of the property as Terra Nullius, or that it was ready and waiting. The resultant limits that European’s made in this area are profoundly installed social encounters that had explicit implications for pilgrim. The idea to separate domains on the ground set cutoff points checking unmistakable social gatherings and give a psychological format to classes of control (180). Interestingly, Coast Salish people groups accept that the land tha

How Applied Research Is Used in Psychology

How Applied Research Is Used in Psychology Basics Print How Applied Research Is Used in Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on June 27, 2019 More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Applied research refers to scientific study and research that seeks to solve practical problems. This type of research plays an important role in solving everyday problems that often have an impact on life, work, health, and overall well-being. Applied research is used to find solutions to everyday problems, cure illness, and develop innovative technologies. There are many different types of psychologists who perform applied research. Psychologists working in human factors or industrial/organizational fields, for example, often do this type of research. Examples A few examples of applied research in psychology include: Investigating which treatment approach is the most effective for reducing anxietyResearching which strategies work best to motivate workersStudying different keyboard designs to determine which is the most efficient and ergonomicAnalyzing what type of prompts will inspire people to volunteer their time to charitiesInvestigating if background music in a work environment can  contribute to greater productivity As you may notice, all of these examples explore topics that will address real-world issues. This immediate and practical application of the findings is what distinguished applied research from basic research, which instead focuses on theoretical concerns. Basic research tends to focus more on big picture topics, such as increasing the scientific knowledge base around a particular topic. Applied research tends to drill down more toward solving specific problems that affect people in the here and now. For example, a social psychologist performing basic research on violence might look at how different factors might contribute to violence in general. A psychologist conducting applied research might tackle the question of what type of programs can be implemented to reduce violence in school settings. However, researchers also suggest that basic research and applied research are actually closely intertwined. Basic research often informs applied research, and applied research often helps basic researchers refine their own theories. As you can see in the example above, the information learned from basic research often builds the basis on which applied research is formed. How It Works Applied research usually starts by identifying a problem that exists in the real world. Applied psychologists then conduct research in order to identify a solution. The type of research that is used can depend upon a variety of factors including unique characteristics of the situation and the kind of problem psychologists are trying to solve. Researchers might opt to use naturalistic observation to see the problem as it occurs in a real-world setting. They might then conduct experiments to help determine why the problem occurs and to explore different solutions that might solve it. Potential Challenges As with any other types of research, challenges can arise when conducting applied research in psychology. Some potential problems that researchers might face when performing this type of research include: Ethical challenges. When conducting applied research in a naturalistic setting, researchers may come across concerns about privacy and informed consent. In some cases, such as in workplace studies conducted by industrial-organizational psychologists, participants may feel pressured or even coerced into participating as a condition of their employment. Problems with validity. Since applied research often takes place in the field, it can be difficult for researchers to maintain complete control over all of the variables. Extraneous variables can also exert a subtle influence that the experimenters may not even consider or realize are having an effect on the results. In many cases, researchers are forced to strike a balance between a studys ecological validity (which is usually quite high in applied research) and the studys internal validity. Since applied research focuses on taking the results of scientific research and utilizing it directly in real-world situations, those who work in this line of research tend to be more concerned with the external validity of their work. External validity refers to the extent that scientific findings can be generalized to other populations. Researchers dont just want to know if the results of their experiments apply to the participants in their studies. They want these results to also apply to larger populations outside of the lab. Because applied research investigates realistic problems, applied researchers are often concerned with the external validity of their studies. This means that they attempt to observe behaviors that can be applied to real-life situations, explains Dawn M. McBride in  The Process of Research in Psychology. This is important because these researchers want to be able to apply their results to a problem that applies to individuals who are not participants in their study (as well as to those individuals who were observed in the study. External validity is also a consideration in basic research but in some cases can be less important that it is in applied research. How Its Used in the Real-World What are some examples of how applied research is used to solve real-world problems? A hospital might conduct applied research on how to prepare patients for certain types of surgical procedures.A business might hire an applied psychologist to assess how to design a workplace console to maximize efficiency and productivity while minimizing worker fatigue and error.An organization might hire an applied researcher to determine how to select employees that are best suited for certain positions within the company. A Word From Verywell Applied research is an important tool in the process of understanding the human mind and behavior. Thanks to this kind of research, psychologists are able to investigate problems that affect peoples daily lives. While this kind of research specifically targets real-world issues, it also contributes to our base of knowledge about how people think and behave.

Newsworthiness of Child Abuse Cases - 821 Words

Society is now what Downing, Mohammadi and Mohammadi (1990) would call a ‘media culture’, this is where the perceptions and images of reality are often shaped by the actions and decisions of news editors and producers (Surrette, 1992). The role of the media according to O’Shaughnessy and Stadler (2008) is to give the public an insight on what is happening in the world and to make sense of that information to the public. The main focus of this essay will be looking two main concepts which are newsworthiness and the dark figure of crime, relating 5 news articles that are centred around child abuse that have featured in the New Zealand Herald and stuff.co.nz. The media plays an important role in society by creating and shaping society’s attitudes about most current issues including child abuse. In New Zealand, as well as in the international media, the physical abuse of a child regularly features in the newspapers, magazines, radio and television (Merchant, 2010). When it comes to the public understanding of child abuse, this is influenced by the knowledge that they gain through reading newspapers or mass media like the television or radio. Kitzinger (2004) states that our individual view and sense of the world are a social construct and the media are an important resource to help us construct that world view. The way that child abuse is reported in the media has become what you would call ‘entertainment’ where there seems to be an incline towards dramatising child abuse in aShow MoreRelatedTRUTH AND HONESTY IN THE MEDIA3414 Words   |  14 Pagessociety. Millions of people turn to the media for the latest news and information. The media is responsible for preparing and delivering news programs accurately and honestly to maintain public interest. They are also responsible in evaluating the newsworthiness of all broadcast items and recognizing the publics right to know. According to The Arizona Republic in Phoenix, Facts should be presented honestly, fully and fairly. This applies to news stories, columns, editorials, headlines, graphics, illustrationsRead MoreEssay about How the Media Uses an Ideal Victim in Portrayals of Crime1987 Words   |  8 Pagesan ‘ideal victim’ and show how the media have used this when describing crime. In reference to the media’s role, they have been highlighted for playing a part in maintaining these views by portraying victims in a certain way according to the newsworthiness of each story and their selectiveness (Greer, 2007). Furthermore, there has been an increase in both fictional crime programmes and crime documentaries, with Crimewatch particularly becoming a regular part of British viewing. In the modern context

The Apology And Interpretation Of The Trial Of Socrates

The Apology is Plato s account and interpretation of the trial of Socrates (399 BC). When the Thirty Tyrants were ruling Athens, Socrates was asked by them to help capture Leon of Salamis, a wealthy man. This arrest was to be made simply because Leon was a just Democrat and the Tyrants wanted to take his huge estate for themselves. Socrates disobeyed these orders hence why he was later executed as a traitor of Athens. Meletus was the man who then brought Socrates before a jury for prosecution. Socrates pleaded innocent in his trial. Similarly, several arguments are used to support the idea that he was innocent and should not have been executed. In his argument for his innocence, Socrates poses his defense before the jury as shown by†¦show more content†¦He made people think he was smarter than everyone else, and that he would always argue better than they could. Moreover, he always aimed at embarrassing people with tough arguments rather than trying to educate or correct them. In this specific argument with Euthyphro, he tries to understand the meaning of holiness, although his state of mind is to show his companion that he always wins in arguments. To begin with, Socrates asks for the meaning of holiness. Euthyphro responds by stating that holiness is what he is doing; prosecuting the wrongdoer even if it is his own father. However, Socrates is not satisfied with this answer and pins down the argument by adding that there are more holy things and that it is an ex ample not a definition. Socrates’ way of arguing with people always led to heated debates, and most people usually walked away from him. He was always a nuisance when it came to explaining matters involving doing things the way that they were done. Just as he argued with Euthyphro, he did the same with the Tyrants. They had issued a command that he should help in the arrest Leon, the Democrat. It was highly likely that Socrates would oppose this move as he was always against what people did as long as he was not satisfied. He found no reason to go after Leon and did not trouble himself with answering to the Tyrants’ call for Leon’s execution because Socrates believed

Was Development Assistance a Mistake - 1509 Words

| Task: Critically Review the text â€Å"Was Development Assistance a Mistake | | A Critical Review of Easterly, W 2007, Was Development Assistance a Mistake?, American Economics Review, 97(2), pp 328-332. Foreign aid focuses on promoting economic and human development ( Williamson, R 2009).Many experts attempt to possess the knowledge and skill to help poor nations. The key theme of â€Å"Was Development Assistance a mistake?† is Easterly’s argument, how development assistance fails to achieve economic development in poor nations. In this context, Easterly discusses the efforts of development experts that try to boost economic growth in various poor countries. He criticizes the development experts and†¦show more content†¦Collier support this by stating that development should deal with four aspects: the conflict, the natural resources, the trap of being landlocked with bad neighbors, and the trap of bad governance in a small country (Collier 2007, p.5).These issues can be obstacles to development because all of those aspects are interconnected to each others. Economists and policy makers, especially the World Bank should be acknowledged that different countrie s have different characteristics. Their one formula might bring about different results. For instance, development experts adopted development policies from successful countries such as the East Asian tigers to apply in Africa but it still fails to achieve development ( Easterly 2007, p.328 ). For these reasons, development experts should consider other aspects before applying their masterful policies to develop poor countries. Individual success stories might become tomorrow’s failures. Second, the author concludes that economic growth without development assistance is generally involved in homegrown movement. With this statement, the author seems to indicate the homegrown strategy as a potential for effective development in poor countries. Rodrik (2001, p.45) maintains that â€Å"economic development ultimately derives from a home-grown strategy, and not from the world market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . It can be said that his argument is reasonable. Development experts should takeShow MoreRelatedExploring the Best Strategies When Job Specific Failure Is Imminent: A Case Study1777 Words   |  7 Pagescase study proposes that solutions include changes in both the conduct of the employee Robins and his supervisor Monica Carrolls. Robins failed to carry out his specific job duties and should be reprimanded. However, Robins also could have used the assistance of a more involved supervisor who set up deadlines which needed to be met along the way. Background Carl Robins is a recruiter who has hired 15 individuals to work for a supervisor at ABC, Inc. On May 15, the supervisor, Carrolls, for whom heRead MoreDescriptive Speech On Disgrace1098 Words   |  5 Pageslearn unless they make mistakes? Receiving unnecessary comments from another pupil isn’t ever compelling. I can’t imagine anybody in this universe that prefers to be talked down by their peers; being told you’re incorrect is extremely humiliating. Mistakes are matters than can escalate out-of-proportion due to peers overwhelming you with anxiety; there’s nothing we can achieve to control this besides, development, cognitive therapy, or medication. Genuinely a majority of my mistakes occur in band classRead MoreSocial Learning and Child Development878 Words   |  4 Pagessocial learning through play and activities. Piaget clearly states that children in the cognitive development, ages two to six years old, use their imagination; however, they are not able to think logically. According to Piaget, in the cognitive development, a child needs to go through a preoperational stage. When a child fantasizes and thinks of the world from his point of view. This stage was seen at the Jewish center when the children were allowed to have free time in the classroom. DuringRead MoreSanibel, Florida: The Nature and Biodiversity Protection Program 584 Words   |  3 PagesIsland, Florida, is home to a landmark wildlife habitat protection program that is as groundbreaking today as it was when conceived back in the 1970s. Back in the 1070s, habitat protection has become part of the culture of the island and a way of life (Duerksen Snyder, 2005). In that time the citizens of Sanibel adopted a Comprehensive Land Use Plan, believing that future development on Sanibel could minimize human impact and occur in an orderly and planned way to preserve the unique and naturalRead MoreThe Trio Program997 Words   |  4 PagesThe Trio program is a program that is funded by Elgin Community College. Provides opportunities for academic development, help students with basic college requirements, and motivate students toward the successful completion of their postsecondary education. In the trio program a faculty member accepted to be interviewed the member was a manager for the Student Support Services their name was Steve Aguilar. Going deeper into what the trio is and what the program can do for students. The trio programRead MoreRTT1 Task 2 Essay911 Words   |  4 Pagesand turned from side to side at least every two hours. Mr. J was also given an inappropriate meal. The order for his diet was kosher; however, Mr. J was given a pork chop cutlet with his meal. The nursing supervisor then encouraged the nurse to â€Å"keep quiet† about the mix up, and did not inform the patient or his family about the mistake. This has a negative outcome on patient satisfaction, and is culturally insensitive. Mistakes and mix-ups unfortunately do happen, and when they do, it is importantRead MoreHow Competitive Advantage Is One Of Blackberry s Biggest Challenges943 Words   |  4 Pagessatisfaction, and new products (Jones et. al, pg. 142). For Blackberry an important step of this framework that they really need to be conscience of is the ability to produce new products. Failing to do this step in it’s previous business was one of it’s main mistakes. It wasn’t able to keep up with it’s competitors innovation and therefore customers were able to find something different that wasn’t available with Blackberry (McDiarmid, 2015). This relates closely with customer satisfaction, anotherRead MoreDevelopment Of A Child And Adult1552 Words   |  7 Pageschanging the way educators and psychologists viewed the development of a child and adult although their work did not receive light until recently. Between these educators, there are theories which are effective and some that are not, arising many criticisms. Nevertheless, the changes made as a result of these theories are studied through the scenario of Mr. Gino and Mrs. Van by interconnecting the theorists Piaget and Vygotsky. Jean Piaget was a developmental psychologist and he studied the differentRead MoreHow Scaffolding Techniques Are Modelling, Giving Advice And Providing Coaching835 Words   |  4 Pagesdenotes a process in which teachers model or show how to solve a problem, and then step back, offering assistance as needed. This term while never used by Vygotsky, was introduced by Wood, Bruner and Ross (1976) in an attempt to operationalise the notion of teaching in Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development (ZPD) (Wells, 1999). ZPD lies amid the space where pupils can make progress with assistance from a teacher and independently completing tasks. Although Bruner’s concept of â€Å"scaffolding† came laterRead MoreEssay about Project Management1200 Words   |  5 PagesProcurement Derrick A. Gardner University of Maryland University College PMAN 641 March 1, 2015  Project procurement management is an overall process that identifies and acquires the necessary products and services to successful support the development or the ongoing work of a project. Typically, it is the project managers responsibility to oversee the entire procurement process. However, in some instances, the company or organization may seek another person to carryout these responsibilities

Organisational Culture in Multinational Corporations†Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Organisational Culture in Multinational Corporations. Answer: Introduction: Why are managers of Asian/African descent not included in management research? Why are women not mentioned in the discussion of managing? Management studies based in the Asian or African continents are observed to be limited in nature owing to the existence of weak institutional structures and also existence of potential resource constraints. Further, the lack of effective human resources also act as a potential restraint that deters the growth of management research regarding training of human resources for enabling needed productivity growth in due time. The Asian and African economies are still considered as emerging economies in nature which account for the reduced existence of business institutions operating in the regions(Punnett et al., 2017). Moreover, the management structure of the business institutions operating in the Asian and African continents are also observed to have lesser percentage of women representing the higher hierarchy. Women in the workplace are considered against the social taboo owing to which women are not included in the management literature based along such regional contexts(George et a l., 2016). References George et al., 2016. BRINGING AFRICA IN: PROMISING DIRECTIONS FOR MANAGEMENT RESEARCH. Academy of Management Journal, 59(2), pp.377-93. Punnett, B.J., Ford, D. Lituchy, T., 2017. The Emic-Etic-Emic Research Cycle. Insights from Lead Project , 17(3), pp.1-6.

Defending gay marriage

Human rights and equality A. Full faith and credit clause: The full faith and credit clause as specified in Article four of the US constitution requires states to respect judicial proceedings, records and public acts from different acts.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Defending gay marriage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that they should be given the same credit and faith that they possessed in the same courts or states that they were created. Since some states recognize same sex marriages then other states ought to respect decisions made outside their boundaries based on the full faith and credit clause. B. 14th amendment: The first section of the 14th amendment states that all people born in the US and governed by the US jurisdiction shall be protected from any state laws that will undermine their immunities and privileges. That law also states that all people shall not be denied liberties without due process. Marriage for same sex couples forms part of these liberties and privileges mentioned in the fourteenth amendment. Banning gay marriages therefore contradicts this clause and denies same sex couples equal protection under the law. C. Same rights as heterosexuals: homosexuals deserve the same rights that heterosexuals enjoy because outlawing their unions is tantamount to discrimination. Many lesbians and gays are not accorded the same civil rights that heterosexual couples enjoy. Any two consenting adults should be granted the right to marry because the same principle operates in heterosexual unions. In fact, prohibiting gay marriages imposes a kind of special disability on homosexuals who cannot fully enjoy their lives like other couples can. Religion A. Outdated excerpts from the bible: many opponents of gay marriages claim that gay marriages should not be legalized because they go against Christian or biblical teachings. They believe that the bible treats same sex rel ationships as sinful.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, these opponents are relying on outdated excerpts. The bible itself tolerates incest in certain circumstances and even fully accepts polygamy yet these very unions are unacceptable in the Christian community today. Consequently, same sex opponents need to realize that the definition of marriage is changing and should not be governed by such a traditional document which is never wholly applied by those very Christians. B. Not everyone is of the same religion: When people oppose gay marriages based on religious premises then they are basically saying that everyone in the country holds the same religious views. The country has so many atheists so it is quite unfair to subject them to values that they do not adhere to. Marriage is a cultural rather than a religious institution. C. God loves and accepts all: If Christians strongly believe in the teachings of the bible then the God described in the bible should be able to love and accept everyone regardless of their preferences and values. Shouldn’t God accept all his people and let them be happy regardless of whether they are sinners or not? Family life Adoption rates: Adoption rates have gone up after gays were allowed to adopt children. This is definitely a good thing for society because it has been shown that children’s psychological and physical well being greatly improves when they grow up in a family unit. Research has also shown that there are minimal differences in children’s outcomes when children grow up with heterosexual or homosexual parents. Because of this, gay marriages should be accepted.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Defending gay marriage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Promotion of equality and acceptance in gay families: Families are th e foundation upon which societies are built so if gay marriages are promoted then they will solidify communities by offering children important values such as equality and acceptance. Financial stability for gay couples: Gay couples suffer tremendously during medical crises because they cannot offer insurance for their partners and may have to rely on family members. They also have to pay more in terms of insurance unless their employers fall in the minority 18% that accord gays insurance benefits. They also, lack power of attorney, inheritance rights and pay more taxes even if they live with each other for decades. Failure to acknowledge same sex marriages therefore leads to financial instability in same sex relationships. This essay on Defending gay marriage was written and submitted by user Javion E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Crucible Essays (389 words) - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

The Crucible Essays (389 words) - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible The Crucible The witch trials in Salem, Massachusetts in the early sixteen hundreds was a time of uneasiness and suspicion. Anyone could easily turn in his or her neighbor on the ground of witchcraft. Someone could merely say their neighbor's spirit had attacked them during the night, which no man can prove. Nevertheless, as a God-fearing community, they could not think of denying the evidence, because to deny the existence of Evil is to deny the existence of Goodness, which is God. The most important scene in the play was act two, scene three, where John Proctor is able to talk with his wife, Elizabeth, one last time. He decides that he will "confess" to the crime of witchcraft, thereby avoiding being hung. However, to accept what he said, the judge also requires him to sign a written confession which states that he confessed to the crime of witchcraft. Judge Danforth would post it on the church door, to use Proctor as an example to get other people to confess. That upset Proctor greatly, because people would look down on him with disdain, and it would blacken forever his name. What was most important to him was to make a ezd against the insanity of the town, for himself and for God, and using that as a last resort to make people aware of what was happening. This last ezd for righteousness is an example of proctor's great character and rationale. Arthur Miller wrote his play, The Crucible, a story about the Salem witch trials, and the panic resulting from it, as an allegory to show people the insanity of the McCarthy hearings. He wrote it as an allegory so that, if tried by McCarthy, he could say, "it's just a play about the witch trials in Salem. How do you get this communist idea from it?" The story illustrates how people react to mass hysteria, created by a person or group of people desiring fame, as people did during the McCarthy hearings. Arthur Miller, acting as a great visionary, warned us that if we did not become aware of history repeating itself, our society would be in danger. At the same time, he had to do this in a matter that would not get him arrested, hence the witch-trial mechanization.

Charlemagne as a Christian king Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Charlemagne as a Christian king - Essay Example th the papacy and various ecclesiastical and administrative reforms, he managed to stop the cultural and political collapse of the early, Middle periods and establish a basis for extensive central administration north of the Alps, (Barbero 34). Charlemagne was a prominent military conqueror, and he directed his talent into the church service, for in winning some of the Western Europe and some parts of east, he utilized military forces to coerce all his subjects to turn to Christianity. In addition, he supported various, subtle missionary attempts and motivated the expansion of Benedict monasteries mostly the duplication of theological manuscripts. Charlemagne’s religiosity made him visualize himself as having a spiritual responsibility to establish the kingdom of God on the earth, but he used brutal, intrigue and extreme hostility to the latter. He invested all his crucial campaigns with religious significance. Charlemagne abolished the pagan idols and Saxons’ grooves and offered them a choice of converting to Christianity or dying, (Sypeck 67). Charlemagne offered a better deal of alms to the needy in his country and beyond. Whenever he realized that Christians were languishing in poverty- such as Jerusalem, Africa and Egypt – he had benevolence on the people, and sent resources oversea to assist them. Through this support, he strove to establish friendships with alien kings to be able to provide relief to Christians under their rule. He adored the Saint. Peter’s Church at Rome and bombarded its treasury with extensive riches of Gold, precious stones as well as Silver. He also sent various valuable endowments to the popes and in the whole of his leadership, his most desirable wish was to restore the traditional Roman authority by his influence and under his authority. He also longed to preserve and defend St. Peter’s Church, beautifying and enhancing himself over all other Christian churches. The military conquest, subtlety and efforts to enforce

The musical thought and influence of Brian Eno Essay - 1

The musical thought and influence of Brian Eno - Essay Example "This resource is very relevant for the topic of study, considering that it traces the history of Brian Eno and what he has been able to do in music, which earns him a name. Through this source, we get to understand that; while music has been introduced with different aims, Brian Eno’s contemporary music, which he has referred as the "ambient" music, has been customized to, and intended for a particular place, or meant to elicit a particular mood. He has sought to influence the people in different contexts, with music that is particularly tailor-made for that purpose. Consequently, he introduced â€Å"ambient music for airports†, after wondering how the architects of an airport in Germany would have managed to be very careful with the floor plan, but neglect the essence of having a soundtrack in the airport terminal. Brian Eno is held in high esteem as a visionary record producer, ambient composer and leading sound experimentalist. His influence is actually felt based o n the choice and the diversity of the musical genres and subjects he handles, such that despite being a confirmed atheist, Brian Eno has gone ahead and done an album inspired by Christian gospel music. Thus, he has been able to traverse different what he refers to as ‘community music’, music that is all-encompassing and all-inclusive, by establishing music that is able to transcend the individuality and sense of self, and making an individual to completely surrender to the tone, mood and texture elicited by the music.  

Code of Ethics and Safety in Engineering

Code of Ethics and Safety in Engineering Abstract With a safe product, we have no worries of using it because there is no risk that going to occur. But we must know that nothing in this world is perfect. Any accident can happen to any one of us out there. Engineer always involve themselves with design and creation of new things which demand for a good quality and safer product. Safe Design must comply with the applicable law, requires knowledge and capability, must attempt to foresee potential misuses of the product, must meet standard of accepted engineering practice and must verify every final design. After the process that being followed by the engineer themselves, so it is up to the user to use it in the right way. This project is expected to give awareness to the engineering ethic course student on the term risk, safety and accident in the real world. INTRODUCTION What can we say about Engineering Code of Ethics in this topic? To be simple, it is related to the engineers to produce products that are safe for the society. It is also important that they are the main role in preventing accidents of their invention. We must know that nothing can be 100% safe and perfect, but still engineers are required to make products as safe as reasonably possible.[1] Firstly, we must know that safety is about freedom from the occurrence or risk of injury, danger or loss. So, engineers have to follow the process or designing his product in order to make it safe as possible. Safe design is a process of hazard identification mainly at the design stage or controlling risk as early as possible to health and safety in the planning and design of products, systems or process. Through risk assessment, design option will be generated to eliminate Occupational Health Safety (OHS) hazards or to minimize OHS risks of injury to those who make the product and to those who used it.[3] In response to societal demands for safer products and workplaces, governments, businesses, engineers and others who are involved in innovation are requiring that safety be a fundamental principle in design. Design is a fundamental engineering activity. Engineer always involve in design, development and creation of new or improved products, process, systems and services. Hence, quality and safety in design should be fundamental in engineering concerns, not only to ensure that the code of engineering ethic is to be practiced but also to maintain a good reputation in engineering profession for better sense to develop products, processes and systems.[3] Safe design plays a big role in design objective, including practicability, cost and the functionality of the designed-product. Safe design is the process of successfully achieving a balance of these objectives. To ensure a total safety in a design, safe design needs an understanding of the each stage in the life of a designed product, starting with the initial conception to the end life of the product. Poor design can result in low productivity, higher maintenance, higher employment and workers compensation expenses and reduced asset life. These economic costs are in addition to human costs of injury, illness, disease and disability.[3] As we all know that accidents can always occur in anytime. It is usually happened on the user itself although the product that being used is already being design in term of safety and the usage too. It is case to case basis situation. It depends on whom to be blame. It may seem that engineers sometime bear no responsibility for any accident that happened. However, engineer must understand that the system or products that he is working on and to attempt to be creative in determining how things can be designed to avert as many mistakes by people using the technology as possible.[1] As we design something, we must also consider the manual and procedure for the use of the device or technology of the design. It is for the user itself. Engineers have to follow the design rules and in fact they have to pay the risk by designing something so that any accident can be averted. By generating the owners manual, maybe the user can use the device or the technology in the right way and it also can reduce the chances of getting any accident that can lead to death or injury. So engineers are born to help the people in the world by inventing the advance technology and designing it with the prospect of safety too. SAFE DESIGN CRITERIAS 1) Safe Design must comply with the applicable law All the design must meet their specifications and standards to ensure a good and safe design. Federal safety laws are different for each departments or industries. For example, International Maritime Organization (IMO) has an important part to play for adopting legislation for ships. IMOs safety legislation deals with the ship and passenger while The SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) do concern with passenger safety and with lifesaving equipment on passenger ships. While for electrical field, The National Electrical Safety Code (NESC) is a set of rules to safeguard people during the installation, operation, and maintenance of electric power lines. The NESC contains the basic provisions considered necessary for the safety of employees and the public. Although it is not intended as a design specification, its provisions establish minimum design requirements. PPL Electric Utilities Corp. (PPL) has developed design specifications and safety rules which meet or surpass all requirements specif ied by the NESC.[3] 2) Safe Design requires knowledge and capability In this case, engineers need to have and be able to demonstrate required knowledge about the design that he or she is about to build. They must have knowledge about the workplace hazards and any harmful effect because some of the design or project involves the prevention that may have potential to release hazardous material or energy. Such incidents will affect the environment such as toxic effects, fire or explosion and will drive to other consequences such as serious injuries, property damage and loss production. These are the basis possibilities that engineers must concern and implement ways to avoid any danger causes.[4] 3) Safe Design must attempt to foresee potential misuses of the product Engineers are professionally responsible for ensuring that their products or system are safe enough before they are established. They are legally bounded through law and regulations to ensure that their designs are safe from concept through disposal. To ensure a safe design, engineers must foresee the possibilities about the misuses of the products and implement ways to minimize the cautions of product misuses by the users. By adopting a safe design approach, it is possible to design-out health and safety hazards to create a design options that meet both clients need and our obligations as an engineer.[2] 4) Safe Design must meet standard of accepted engineering practice. Accepted engineering practice is a safety issues that involve fundamental ideas about how we view the world and what we believe is important and right. A designer has a responsibility to ensure that their conceptions do not put the others on risk. They cant just create the design by simply ignore insignificant risk even it consumes lots of cost. For example, it might be less important for a small house to install lightning protection but it is a must for such a large factories or tower to do so and to meet the standard of specification.[3] 5) Safe Design must verify every final design For good engineers, they must always find alternatives about how to improve their current products to improve safety effect besides implementing new ways of design. However, after designing, the products and finished devices must be tested rigorously to see whether the products are safe and meet the specifications needed. For fresh graduate engineers, they would be expected to work under the supervision and guidance of more experienced engineers, while they gain experiences. This is very important as fresh engineer will attempt to make more mistakes as they have lack of experiences.[2] DESIGNING FOR SAFETY Safety is generally interpreted as implying a real and significant impact on risk of death, injury or damage to property. In response to perceived risks many interventions may be proposed with engineering responses and regulation being two of the most common. Better safe than sorry by Bruce Erion, President of the National Broadcast Pilots Assn, a simple but crucial for designers to bear with. One version of the process for safety design, taken from the finding of Wilcox will be thoroughly elaborated. Some of the steps are including defining the problem and generate as well as analysing several solutions before implementing the design Consideration of safety should be an integral part of the design process at the various stages. Designers should assess the design as it progresses and if any significant hazard is identified the design should be altered to eliminate the hazard where reasonably practicable, or otherwise to reduce the risk where reasonably practicable [4]. As the design progresses from concept to detail, consideration of safety issues moves from general aspects to specific aspects. The most important contribution that a designer can probably make is at the concept and early design development stages of a project when project-wide and system hazards are being considered. Another important thing that an engineer needs to consider is to minimize the inherent danger in the process as could as possible. It is good if we can excluded any potential danger in our design rather that to cope with or otherwise avoided Hence, dangerous substances or reactions are replaced by less dangerous ones, and this is preferred to using the dangerous substances in an encapsulated process[3]. Trevor Kletz said that to eliminate the hazard completely or reduce its magnitude sufficiently to eliminate the need for elaborate safety systems and procedures. Furthermore, this hazard elimination or reduction would be accomplished by means that were inherent in the process and thus permanent and inseparable from it. Here we focus on the specific area of pertaining to engineering design. We believe that engineering design constitutes an interesting starting point for ethical issues in engineering, both for educational and research purposes [3]. The first step that designer need to consider is to define the needs and requirements and often involves determining the constraints. Consideration of safety should be an integral part of the design process at the various stages. Designers should assess the design as it progresses and if any significant hazard is identified the design should be altered to eliminate the hazard where reasonably practicable, or otherwise to reduce the risk. Before some design has been done, we must consider all the pros and cons before implementing every single one. We have to recognise if there any design trade off of the products. In order to build a stadium for example, Stadium A gives a more astounding structure but less safe compared to Stadium B that is very safe but the structural design is not that remarkable. Which one will we choose to build? Here, we need to generate several solutions in order to decide the best selection to choose but as a good designer, safety is always be the main priority Hence, after several solutions have been listed with their advantages as well as disadvantages, they need to be analysed. Safer products, processes and systems will result and that ultimately benefits business and society generally, now and in the long term, because it minimises injury and illness and provides for a better social and workplace environment. This step involves determining the consequences of each design solution and determining whether it solves the problem. The aspect of the design process is connected to, or brings about possible negative consequences, for people other than the designers involved; hence it is a must for engineer to test the solution whether they are safe enough before each of product has been released. Then after completing the solution testing, the design is ready to implement. In the nutshell, safety must come first in every design to avoid any unwanted accidents in the future and subsequent criminal or civil action against us RISK-BENEFIT ANALYSIS Risk-benefit analysis is the comparison of the risk of certain cases to its related benefits in the real world. Exposure to personal risk is recognized as a normal aspect of every daily routine life in human being. We accept a certain level of risk in our lives as necessary in order to obtain some particular benefits. In most of these risks one feels as though he or she have some sort of control over the real situation. For example, driving a car is a risk most people take every day. The controlling factor appears to be their perception of their individual ability to manage the risk-creating situation. However, analysing the risk of a situation is very dependent on the individual that doing the analysis. When individuals are exposed to involuntary risk or risk which they have no control, they tend to avoid the risk that they faced. Under these conditions, the individuals will favor to have the risk to be as much as one thousand times smaller than for the same situation under their pe rceived control.[7] Let us consider the adequacy of this way of dealing with uncertainty with the help of the simple conceptual model of risk management described by Figure 1. It characterises risk management as a non-monetized form of cost-benefit analysis. Figure1: simple conceptual model of risk management The model postulates that everyone has a propensity to take risks this propensity varies from one individual to another this propensity is influenced by the potential rewards of risk taking perceptions of risk are influenced by experience of accident losses ones own and  others individual risk taking decisions represent a balancing act in which perceptions of  risk are weighed against propensity to take risk accident losses are, by definition, a consequence of taking risks; the more risks an  individual takes, the greater, on average, will be both the rewards and losses he or  she incurs.[6] To make it simple, there are three kind of risk as shown in the figure 2. Figure 2: three kinds of risks Virtual risks are products of the imagination which work upon the imagination. The less conclusive the science relating to a particular risk, the more liberated are peoples imaginations. directly perceptible risks are managed instinctively and intuitively. Science illuminates many of the connections between behaviour and consequence, sometimes so successfully that previously invisible risks become directly perceptible. However estimates of such probabilities are usually of limited value to those seeking guidance about what to do in the face of uncertainty. There are at least as many problems attaching to the probability estimates as there are to the value estimates by which they are multiplied.[6] ACCIDENT Accident is an unexpected event that will be interrupt any completion of an activity, and that may be include injury or property damage. . Work accidents can occur due to unsuitable protective clothing and gear and insufficient training or non training. Injury can also be caused by careless co- workers and poor lighting. The employers should provide safe place of working, safe system of working and safe methods of working. When the accident was investigated, the important part is to find out what is the causes of the accident. It will use as a guideline in order to prevent similar accident in the future. The objectives of the investigation accident is actually to find out the facts that can guide to take the actions and not to find the fault. The investigation of the accident can be conducted by someone who have experienced in accident causation and have experienced about investigation technique. Besides that, the person must be have a knowledgeable about the working process or condi tion, the procedures and the person involve.[1] Most of the accident happen maybe because of some human error or else. For example, when doing the investigation, the accident is occur due to the worker carelessness. The accident happen still must be to investigate if there are not involve any injury or property damage because any hazards can be corrected for in the future apply. Accident can be considered into a several type which is procedural, engineered and the systemic. For procedural accident, it is the most common happen and it will give the someone to make a bad decision or choice and will not follow the established procedures. The procedural accident are quite well to understood and can be minimize with the appropriate way for example with the given training to the workers, more supervision, and must have laws or regulations .For engineered accident, it caused by flaw in the design. Failures in the choice of material, devices not operating properly, devices or parts not operating well under all circumstances. Engineered failure should be anticipated in the design stages and should be caught and corrected during testing. However, it not always to anticipate in every condition that will be encountered, and sometimes testing doesnt occur over the entire range of possible operating condition. Engineered accident cam be understood and alleviated as more k nowledge is gain through testing and actual experienced in the field.[1] For systemic accident, it is quite hard to understand and not easy to control it. They are characteristic of every complex technologies and the complex organizations that are required to operate them. For example in airline industry which have a very complicated system that involve many working people including baggage handler, machine, pilot, and so on. In designing some project, there are so difficult to detect any systemic accident since there are many small and seemingly insignificant factor that can be considered. As the designer and engineer, we suppose to understand the complexity of the system working and try to design something which the accident occur can be minimized. CASE STUDY CASE STUDY FOR SAFETY DESIGN Case Study 1 Safe Design: Employee received electric shock while trying to adjust damaged connector linking coin operated box to photocopier. 50mm connector jutting out at 90o on side of copier unsafe workplace-equipment layout obstructing access to electrical power outlet Preventive Actions Reopen case worksite preventive / brainstorming session with staff thru process of consultation, hazard ID, risk control measures. Re-layout photocopier and book shelf Case Study 2 Safe design: Nov 2004 Exhaust fumes from diesel engine at basement got into the air conditioning intakes on Floors 4 to 7, building was evacuated. When building was first built, there was no restriction to exhaust ventilation. With development, adjacent buildings were causing environmental restriction to existing exhaust ventilation systems, creating unsafe and uncomfortable workplace environment! Corrective action: Building owner to fix Preventive Actions: Development Act LG admin controls BCA building regulations controls Building Designers responsibility Case Study 3 Safe design: Jan 2005 Maintenance worker received electric shock after coming into contact with an LIVE evaporative cooling system isolation switch filled with water. Cause: Water droplets from the filter pad splashed onto the fan-motor power cable and gradually gained entry into the conduit and switch housing through gravity feed. Safe Design Consideration: Install a 90o elbow facing downwards at the cable entry point from the inside of unit to create the lowest dip point by design. Sealing the conduit entry point with silicone rubber or equivalent may not provide a permanent  barrier. CASE STUDY FOR ACCIDENT Case Study 4: Collapse of Stadium Terengganu Image of Terengganu Stadium Collapse In 2 JUNE 2009, the Stadium of Terengganu collapse after one year of being built. It was officially opened by the Yang di-Pertuan agong sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin. The roof of the stadium is named after him in Gong Badak, Kuala Terengganu collapsed in early morning of 2 June 2009 and causing damage to the few cars that was park in the vicinity. Fortunately no one was injured in this accident. The frame structure of the roof of the 50,000-seat stadium came crashing down around 7.30 am and none of the stadium staff were at the premises yet. 60 percent of the roof at the stadium that was built at a cost of RM270 million and opened on 10 May 2008, collapsed, including that above the royal box at the grand stand. Overall damage was estimated at RM35mil. Meanwhile, even after the debris from the 2,500-tonne roof has been cleared, the Terengganu government is  unable to say if the stadium is safe  as the impact of the collapse is not known. Some causes of the collapse of this new stadium were identified. It is maybe because of components used and work quality did not meet the specifications; design factor was not appropriate; roof was not constructed properly; quality control was not carried out at the project site; weak supervision during the construction process; lack of skilled workers; and shortage of experts and experienced consultants. A notice has been issued to the contractor to repair the 50,000-seat Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Stadium which is the biggest stadium in the East Coast but no response so far[9]. Case Study 5: The Crash of Valujet Flight 592 Image of Valujet Flight 592 In May 1996, Valujet Flight took off from Miami International Airport, heading for Atlanta. Theis Valujet Flight offered cheap fares to Florida and other popular destinations. It cost savings were achieved in part by hiring other companies which is Sabre Tech to perform many of the routine operations that keep an airline flying including the routine task of replacing oxygen generator canisters in some of its DC-9s. The canisters are located above the passenger seats and are used to provide oxygen to the passengers through masks should the cabin pressure somehow lost. The canisters contain a core of sodium chlorate, which is activated by a small explosive charge. This small explosion is initiated when the passenger pulls the oxygen mask toward herself. A chemical reaction within the canisters liberates oxygen, which the passenger breathes through the mask. During use, the surface temperature of the canister can be as high as 500F, which is normally not a problem, since the canister is well ventilated. To ensure that the canister will operate properly when needed, the oxygen generator canisters must be replaced periodically. Valujet maintenance rules made it clear that when the canisters are removed, a bright yellow safety cap must be installed on them to ensure that the explosive charge is not inadvertently set off. Unfortunately, Sabre Tech didnt follow this rule while performing this work. Instead, tape was applied where the caps should have been gone, and the canisters were placed in five cardboard boxes and left on a shelf in the hangar. However, two of the Sabre tech mechanics marked on the paperwork that the caps had been installed and signed off on the job. Within minutes after leaving the runway, the DC-9s electrical system started to fail and the cockpit and passengers cabin began filling with smoke. The pilots immediately called the Miami tower for permission to return and began to descend and turn back toward the airport. However, the situation becomes worsened because of fire started melting the control cables and the pilots become shrouded in smoke. The plane suddenly banked sharply and descended rapidly. The descent was so fast and causes the traffic control radar in Miami no longer able to register an altitude for the airplane. Amazingly, either through the efforts of the pilot or because the autopilot come back on, the plane becomes leveled off again. The airplane was now at only 1000 feet above the ground. The air traffic controllers in Miami radioed the pilots and attempted to send the aircraft to the closer airport at Opa Locka, Florida. Instead, the plane was rolled sharply to the right and facing nose down crashed into the Everglades. The two pilots, three flight attendants and 105 passengers on board were killed instantly in this accident. The subsequent investigation into this accident indicated that the fire was caused by the accidental firing of at least one of many chemical oxygen generators that were being carried in this plan to send back to Valujet headquarters in Atlanta. This chemical oxygen generator is the canister that had been removed from another Valujet airplane. The heat generated by this canister caused a fire in the cargo hold beneath the cockpit that ultimately brought this plane down. The investigation showed that this accident is not a flow in the airplanes design, but rather was attributed to a series of the oxygen canisters. These canisters were improperly secured and supposedly shouldnt have been on the airplane at all. One of the most important duties of an engineer is to ensure the safety of the people who will be affected by the products that he designs. As we have seen, all of the codes of ethics of the professional engineering societies stress the important of safety in the engineers duties [1][8]. CONCLUSION There are so many small insignificant factors that engineer doing that occur the accident. It may seem that the engineer has no responsibility and not alert about the law of safety and regulation. However, the engineer must understand and learn the complexity and the system that he is working on and also to be creative in determining how things can be design to avoid the accident happen again. Many of the risks can only be expressed by probabilities and no more educated guesses. Furthermore, there are synergistic effects between probabilities especially in a new and innovative design. Because of that, the engineer must design a product as safe as possible. Base on the designing for safety, the risk can minimize much more easierThe risk can minimize if the engineer spending more time to recheck the design cycle before sell it. It is because of to make sure that the product safe to use. Even though the price quite expensive, especially in the design cycle before the product has been built or is on the market, but the engineer must make sure that the product have a safety prevention and high quality. The prudent and ethical thing to do is to spend as much time and expense the design correctly so as to minimize future risk of injury and civil actions. The method to help analyze and to determine a project to proceed is risk benefit analysis. This method can summarize that the only ethical way is to implement risk-benefit by sharing the benefit between the engineer and society. As a conclusion, the product not surely 100% safe, but the engineer must design a product more effectively and follow the ethical law as a guideline.

Challenges of Employing Business Ethics and Values Essays -- Integrity

Justify the Value's Position in the List. Include any challenges to employing these values consistently when making personal and organizational decisions. Integrity I have experienced the benefit of having integrity at my workplace. I was given the task of training a difficult new employee and reporting back to management with daily assessments. My manager trusted that I would keep all of our meetings and correspondence confidential. She also expected that I would be honest in my assessments of the employee's progress and she relied on me to provide adequate training. Even though we had huge personality differences and different work styles, I treated her like any new trainee. By acting with integrity, I gained the respect and confidence from management which resulted in a promotion. I placed integrity at the top of my list because I believe that acting with integrity is a fundamental value in any ethical decision. To me, integrity means holding myself to a high set of moral values and standards. I could have treated our new hire badly or unfairly, or talked to my team members about her progress, but that would mean stooping below my beliefs. Acting with integrity isn't easy. It means adhering to a high set of values, even if my friends are doing something wrong. It means looking at a situation objectively and making a conscious decision everyday to hold myself to that higher standard. Accountability I have seen accountability play an important role in the work place. My mentor taught me to take responsibility for my mistakes and to not point fingers. One of her accounts had a mistake on their pricing and we over-charged them $50,000. It came down to an oversight that she had made. Instead of pointing fingers ... ...dition, the members of our department rallied together to support her. As a department we raised over $400 to donate to a charity in her brother's name. I have chosen compassion as my fifth value because I believe compassion develops relationships with people and shows concern for the well being of others. This value is the last on my list because I believe that the other values play a larger part in ethical decisions, although compassion is no less important. Having compassion for others demonstrates an investment in the relationship and that decisions aren't based entirely on the business aspect, but also on the welfare of others. Compassion can be difficult and exhausting. When a decision influences the lives of many, it can be hard to think about the feelings of those impacted. Without compassion, a decision may be more black and white and easier to make.

How Important Is Breakfast In A Child’s School Life?

The behavior and performance of children inside the classroom are undoubtedly affected by different set of factors. In a set of children, it cannot be denied that differences in conduct and grades are to be expected from the children. Some of the children yield better grades and are more sociable as compared to the others. The difference in the demeanor of children while they are attending school can be traced to the different kinds of environment to which they are exposed and to the dissimilarity in raising methods of parents.However, one such factor that is often overlooked is the consumption of breakfast of a child before he or she is sent to school by his or her parents. There is much study to show that having breakfast largely affects the performance of children inside the classroom. Studies show that breakfast, the first meal taken, is the most important meal of all. â€Å"Breakfast intakes of food energy, calcium, riboflavin, phosphorus and magnesiun with a higher percentage of breakfast food energy from fat and saturated fat and lower percentage of food energy from carbohydrates† (Gordon, et.al. , 1995). As aptly stated in one article, the British Dietetic Association mentioned that this statement could be backed up by evidence. â€Å"Breakfast can be a very good source of vitamins. Many processed cereals are fortified with vitamins and minerals which people can find it difficult to get elsewhere if they are just having two meals a day† (â€Å"Breakfast Is The Most Important Meal†). For growing children, it is most imperative that they get used to having breakfast every morning. As correctly stated,Children are continuously growing and changing every day, and a nutritious breakfast provides the sugar, starch, protein, and fat – elements necessary for children to ensure a sustained release of energy and a delayed onset of hunger. Eating breakfast also improves the intake of fiber, vitamins, and minerals, especially iron and vi tamin C. Studies have shown that eating breakfast gives children the nutritional boost they need to get the learning process going – to stimulate learning – and there are other benefits as well (Booth).Most people do not realize this reality and so there are people who skip this meal usually and don’t take the repercussions seriously. Some children even go to school without taking breakfast due to a lot of reasons. Some fail to have breakfast in the morning because they woke up late and the most common reason is that the kids just refuse to eat in the morning before going to school. What parents do not realize is that skipping breakfast could greatly affect the way children behave and perform inside the classroom.Thinking of ways to make children have breakfast before heading for school is worth the while if only for the advantages it could afford in the betterment of a child’s performance in school. Naturally, after waking up in the morning, the child wo uld need nourishment. As pointed out by Booth, â€Å"when the physical need of hunger is taken care of, these children can focus on learning and perform better in school, not only educationally but socially and emotionally as well. † LITERATURE REVIEW Truly, the concept and importance of breakfast have already been embarked upon by a number of studies worldwide.However, it was deemed it necessary to further said topics by determining how children in school are affected by their failure to have this first meal before attending class. Based on observation and comparison of different children I have dealt with, it appears that a big difference clearly appears between those who regularly take breakfast before going to school and those who do not. This topic is relevant as it would provide the parents a clearer picture of the importance of making their children eat breakfast.So also, this study will help other educators consider the possibility of imparting to children the importa nce of breakfast, and make them understand why behavior and performance of children in their class differ. Due to the relevance of the topic presented by the paper, different sources must be visited and analyzed. The study on the importance of having breakfast to school children is not a simple investigation or survey, but ultimately, it can be used as a guide for parents in order to help their children to become better in school.So also, it can be a tool for teachers in order to monitor the behavior of their students. The observations performed inside the classroom have inspired the formulation of this paper because clearly, those who fail to take breakfast before going to class are having a hard time focusing on the lessons and dealing with other children in the classroom. Such failure does not only affect their grades but also the way they socialize with their fellow classmates.In investigating on the effect of breakfast on the performance and demeanor of children inside the clas sroom, different forms of resources have been visited and thoroughly analyzed. This study, while based on observation of school children and on interviews of said children, cannot be complete without going through different researches conducted by experts on the matter. As proper nutrition is important to growing children, experts have conducted research as to how lack of proper nutrition hampers the growth and development of children.In addition to this, books which have been written as regards the importance of breakfast would also have to be perused in order to come up with a clearer presentation of the issue at hand. For some time now, doctors and researches have been writing on the importance of having breakfast before one starts his or her day. As stated above, breakfast is more commonly referred to as the most important meal of the day. If indeed breakfast is considered as that important, then all the more should it be accorded magnitude when it comes to growing children.Duri ng their growing years, they are the ones who are more in need of vitamins and nourishment. In school, as have been observed, children are just starting to learn the basics and so proper nutrition should be provided to them so that they are equipped with much energy that they would need for learning inside the classroom. For instance, Booth has uncovered that: Children who ate breakfast (when compared to those who rarely ate breakfast): †¢ Learn better (and have improved memory) †¢ Achieve more (better math and reading scores – almost a whole letter grade higher; and better standardized test scores)†¢ Participate in the class more often (and have increased attentiveness in the classroom and less anxiety) †¢ Behave better (less disciplinary actions or incidences and are more socially developed) †¢ Attend school more often (less absences and tardiness) †¢ Visit the school nurse less often †¢ Hence, scholarly books and articles as regards prope r nutrition of children were used for this paper. So also, materials tracing a child’s ability to concentrate and absorb learning in school to having breakfast would be used in order to strengthen the position of this study.This paper shall also be based on personal finding and observation that have been conducted. Being around children makes it easier to determine how having breakfast could affect the children’s behavior inside the classroom. Every change in attitude or performance in academic activities could be used as a tool in furthering the objectives of this paper. Through day to day observation, it can be seen how each child responds to the lack of consumption of breakfast before going to school. Going through voluminous studies and scholarly articles would be helpful in preparation for this paper.However, it was also considered that inputting own observations as regards the matter at hand would develop the paper. The observations that were conducted would then be related to the articles of other writers and experts and thus, a presentation of a clearer picture of school children and the need for having breakfast before heading to school could be made. Lastly, an interview of school children was conducted in order to ascertain how many of them actually take breakfast before going to school, why some children failed to have breakfast, and the presence of breakfast in the morning or lack thereof affects the child’s mood during the day.By conducting said interview, it was easier to interpret the materials that were gathered and read as regards the matter. Taken as a whole, all the books, materials, scholarly journals, and internet articles that have been gathered helped in completing the study of how the presence of breakfast largely affects the behavior and performance of children is school. All of these, coupled with observations and interviews made possible the creation of this study. The observations on the behavior of the childre n inside the classroom were clearly noted down.The students who were active in class and those who were silent and aloof were taken note of. Later on, during the interview, it was asked whether or not they had breakfast before they went to school. It was then related to the collected information from the articles and books that were used for the study. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS The objective of the paper is to establish and confirm the effect of having breakfast in the performance and behavior of children inside the classroom. The foundation of the discussion would be the importance of providing growing children with proper diet and nutrition.Although providing children with adequate and proper nutrition would be mentioned throughout the paper, it must be borne in mind that the focus of this paper is breakfast as the source of said nutrition. Hence, other sources of nutrition would not be thoroughly discussed in this study. In addition, it must be pointed out that the subjects of this p aper are growing children and thus, the effect of breakfast on adults, although it would be mentioned during the discussion, would not be the main focus of the study.The study shall be restricted to effect of breakfast on growing children. The discussion of this paper shall be limited to the effect of breakfast on children who are already attending school. Although proper nutrition is essential to every child in general, the point of discussion of this study would be limited to children who are enrolled in school. The essence of this study is to impart the message that taking the first meal of the day could actually help children improve their grades in school and to help them make better their attitude and behavior inside the classroom.Hence, only the performance of children in school would be the main area of discussion. As the observation was done inside the classroom, how the children behaved in school were noted in this study. How the children would deal with family members out side of the school or how these children would respond to other variables will not be thoroughly discussed in the paper. Although clearly, the lack of proper nutrition would affect a child’s behavior, only such behavior as exemplified inside the classroom would be discussed in this study.Lastly, it is necessary to point out that the statements made in this study is restricted to the children that have been interviewed and were actually observed. Although a statements in general terms affecting children shall be made in the paper, it must be understood that the basis of this research is limited to the children that have participated with this study. So also, the possibility that other factors may have affected the demeanor of the children should be entertained.As mentioned in the earlier part of the paper, there are also other factors which affect the behavior of children, some of which are the different environment to which they are exposed to and the difference in raising te chniques and methods of their parents. Thus, in understanding the findings of this study, it must be borne in mind that the lack or presence of breakfast in a child’s morning is only one of the many factors affecting a child in school. This study is restricted to that factor, and all other factors affecting a child’s performance inside the classroom will not be touched upon.

Statistics The Factors And Implications Of CO2 Disability

significantly impact a prediction in CO2 emissions from road traffic when population density, urban area, road density are taken into account. The following is the regression model that we obtained for the given data: E 1⠁„4 2:165 à ¾ 0:547P à ¾ 312:502U à ¾ 16:439R (2) 4. Results and discussions We used the estimated coefficients of the multiple linear regression model (Eq. (2)) to project CO2 emissions from road traffic at 1 1 km gird for the year 2002. Thus, Total amount of emissions at parish level had been disaggregated with the second group data of Louisiana (in section 3.2). The current method has involved 135,164 1 1 km grid cells for the State of Louisiana. The resolution is sufficient to provide information regarding CO2 emission†¦show more content†¦There are some hot spots identified in the gridded map (Fig. 2 (c)), Baton Rouge in East Baton Rouge Parish, Shreveport in Caddo Parish, New Orleans in Orleans parish, Gretna, Harvey, Kenner, Mar- rero, Metairie, Terrytown and so on in Jefferson Parish. Other parishes of interest can also be disaggregated spatially in the same way. The method proposed in this paper is based on the assumption that population density, road density, urban area, income have effects on traffic-related CO2 emissions. As the highest CO2 emis- sion parish, East Baton Rouge was selected to present spatial distribution of selected allocation factors at 1-km2 grid cells (Fig. 2 (b)). The result (Fig. 2(b) and (c)) reveals that high CO2 emissions are concentrated in dense road network of urban areas with high population density and low CO2 emissions are distributed in rural areas with low population density, sparse road network. Compared 2 sion models (Briggs, 2005; Vienneau et al., 2009). In the light of the standardized beta values for all three factors, it tells us that population has greatest impact on CO2 emissions, and road density has least impact in Model 3 (see Table 4). The most important limitation of the method in this paper is that only road density is determined to represent the traffic network for neglecting differences in traffic flow and speed of vehicles. Thereby, the method is notShow MoreRelatedThe European Tour Operators Case3189 Words   |  13 PagesThe TUI business is grouped into four sectors, consisting of many of the market-leading travel brands worldwide – Mainstream, Accommodation amp; Destinations and Specialist amp; Activity. 1a. 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